Impact of Branding on Consumer Purchasing Decision

Impact of Branding on Consumer Purchasing Decision An Empirical Study in the Technological product sector More and more organizations have come to realize that brand is the most valuable asset associated with their products or services and are using branding as a strategic tool in todays dynamic business environment (Chernatony and MacDonald, 1998; Rooney, 1995). Some extremely successful examples in brand management include Microsoft, IBM, Sony, Nike and Coca-Cola (BusinessWeek, 2002[1]). Their brands resonate with the general public and affect the consumers buying decision-making. The power of the brands has contributed substantially to the continuing success in the future (Davis, 2002). Brand acts as a strategic marketing tool to attract and keep customers by promoting value, image, prestige or lifestyle (Rooney, 1995). Furthermore, it is a powerful technique to develop a stable, sustainable and distinct relation with customers by playing number of associations, so marketers must account for all of them in making marketing decisions (Aaker, 1992). Hence this study will try to find out the impact of branding on consumer purchase decision, specifically in the technological product market. The main aim of this project is to find out the impact, branding has on the consumer purchase decision in general and especially in the technological product sector. The focus of this study will be on the consumer’s viewpoint about brands and how it affects their purchasing decisions. Hence the objectives of the study will be to: Review the current literature regarding brands, branding and consumer purchase decision Based on the literature review and secondary data identify branding factors that supposedly impact the consumer purchase decision Find out consumers perception regarding the impact of brands on their purchasing decisions specifically in the technological product sector To bring out the implications of the research Research Methodology: An appropriate research methodology is a general plan of how the researcher will go about answering the research questions considering the sources to collect data and the constraints that one might have (access to data, time, location and money, etc). It should reflect the fact that the researcher has thought carefully about why a particular strategy/method has been employed. Data intended for almost any study can be obtained from two sources: Primary Data and Secondary Data. In order to complete the research project from a theoretical as well as a practical point of view, this research will make use of both types of data. This study will be carried in three phases. The first phase will involve literature review and secondary data collection. Primary data will be collected in the second phase. The last phase will comprise of analysing the primary data and drawing suitable conclusions from the study. Phase 1: The first phase of the research will comprise of reviewing the literature and collecting secondary data. This will involve an investigation of brands and different types of branding options that are availed by manufacturers. Further to this the consumer decision process will also be reviewed to find the factors that affect the consumer’s decision making process in general. According to Sharp and Howard (1996), two major reasons exist for reviewing the literature. First, the preliminary search helps to generate and refine the research ideas. And secondly, a critical review is a part of the research process. Like most research projects, literature review will be an early activity in this research. After the initial literature search, the researcher will be able to redefine the parameters more precisely and undertake further searches, keeping in mind the research objective and goal. The literature review will help in developing a good understanding and insight into the p revious research done on this topic and the trends that have emerged. Secondary data sources Secondary data will be collected from a varied number of sources. Books published books generally considered as one of the most reliable and valid source of information will be used for the basic content of the literature review. Electronic sources – will provide a large amount of information relevant to the subject Magazines a good source of getting data and report of recent and relevant articles Newspapers latest updates on brands and other information Advantages of using secondary data Saves cost and time Wide variety of information available Availability of vast amount of information Disadvantages of using secondary data are Most of the magazines or journals require Subscription, which is not feasible when lots of journals and materials have to be analysed. Shortage of time limits the scope of the research to a great extent. Most of the articles, research papers, and survey results found on various web sites or lacks the proof of the accuracy of their results. Phase 2: In phase 2 primary data will be collected which refers to the data obtained via the researcher’s direct experience. The need for employing more than one method of research stems from the fact that various methods contain their own set of assumptions of the nature of the real world and the kind of data produced (Denscombe, 1998). The author has selected survey strategy for the purpose of collecting primary data. It is a common and popular strategy in business and management research. Through this a large amount of data can be collected in an economical way. Bell (1993) says that surveys can provide answers to questions like What, Where, When, And How. It tries to elaborate the problems of ‘representativeness’ from other approaches like case studies or most of the qualitative approaches. This approach can be termed as fact finding mission and may contribute little towards the development of a hypotheses or shaping theory. The results from the survey can def initely be used to test a hypotheses or theory. The data here is primarily quantitative but may also be qualitative in nature as it represents peoples view about an issue. Questionnaires are generally used for the purpose of data collection followed by few interviews to increase the validity of the data. Using multi-methods produces various kinds of data on the same topic improving the quality of research. Hence, this research will make use of more than one research method (questionnaire and interview) to enable the researcher to present the topic in a more complete fashion from different perspectives. Hence the primary data collection methods used for this research will be- Questionnaires Interviews Questionnaires provide the easiest known way of assembling a mass of information (Burroughs, 1971:106). The author decided to use online questionnaires for the purpose of the study. Online questionnaires are very economical, the costs faced were nearly negligible, since once the form was loaded on the server, and all entries came in the form of e-mail. They are easier to administer and manage and supply standardised answers from all recipients. But a lot of care will be taken in order to construct questionnaires to maximise response rate. Due to its length or complexity in the questionnaire, it may yield a response rate so low that the data may not be adequate to make any kind of generalisation or even a reliable statement. Keeping this in mind, for the purpose of this research, due care will be taken to avoid hypothetical questions, dual meaning questions, presuming questions and any form of ambiguity or imprecision in questions. Also, an attempt will be made to keep the length of the questionnaire very precise, with to the point questions consisting mainly of multiple-choice questions enabling the reader to be comfortable to fill the questionnaire without much loss of time, thereby increasing the questionnaires response rate as well as making data analysis simple. The author also decided to include another method in the form of interviews as part of the research due to the need for more detailed qualitative information. Through the use of questionnaires the research will only able to gather quantitative data, which in itself will be quite useful for the project in order to gain a general view and knowledge about the impact of branding on consumers in general. However, in order to gain better depth in the analysis, the questionnaire data will also be supplemented by few follow up interviews. As an information gathering tool, the interview lends itself to being used alongside other methods as a way of supplementing their data adding detail and depth. (Denscombe, 1998; pi 12) As part of this research project, interviews will be used as a follow-up to the questionnaire. The attempt is to complement the questionnaire data with the interview data, pursuing the interesting lines of enquiry in greater detail. Simply stated, it can yield rich material or put flesh on the bones of the questionnaire (Bell, 1987). Sampling Process In order to collect appropriate information on the views of the consumers on impact of branding on their purchasing decisions, a very large portion of the general population would be an eligible target, but due to various practical problems of time and cost involved in such a process, a restricted sample of the population was considered for this research. The sample population involved in this project was carried out on a small scale due to the time and resources available. The survey polled a population of primarily Internet users including professionals as well as students situated in various parts of UK in order to get their perspective on the effect branding has on their buying behavior. Approximately, 200 emails will be sent. The population of respondents comprised of general Internet users ranging from computer professionals to lecturers to university students. By the means of this survey, we are investigating the general considerations of the users towards brands while purchasing a technological product. Objective Timeframe Task[2] 1. Phase 1 : Literature Survey/Secondary data Client should put the time frame according to his/her requirements Phase 1 will involve an investigation of brands and different types of branding options that are availed by manufacturers. Further to this the consumer decision process will also be reviewed to find the factors that affect the decision making process. The first stage of the research will comprise of reviewing the literature and collecting secondary data. 2. Phase 2 : Interviews/Surveys Client should put the time frame according to his requirements Phase 2 will involve the primary data collection phase in which the online questionnaire will be used to collect consumer opinion regarding brand implication on their purchasing decisions. 3. Phase 3: Analysis of data from Interviews/surveys and drawing conclusions Client should put the time frame according to his requirements After taking the interviews and surveys, a large quantity of interview notes, questionnaire results and other records will be generated all of which will be analyzed. The survey data will be analysed using the SPSS software. A brief thematic analysis will be done for the data collected from the interviews. Following this, conclusions will be drawn based on the findings. References Aaker, A. D. (1992), The Value of Brand Equity. Journal of Business Strategy, Vol.13 (4), p.p.27-32. Bell, J. (1987). Doing your Research Project. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bell, J. (1993) Doing your research project: a guide for first-time researchers in education and social science, Open University press Burroughs, G.E.R. (1971). Design and Analysis in Educational Research, Oxford: Educational Review. Davis, S. (2002), Brand Asset Management: how businesses can profit from the power of brand, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 19, No. 4, p.p.351 -358. de Chernatony, L. McDonald, M. (1998), Creating Powerful Brands in Consumer, service and Industrial Markets, 2nd Edition, UK: Reed Eductional and Professional Publishing Ltd. Denscombe, M. (1998). The Good Research Guide. Buckingham: Open University Press Hussey, J. and Hussey, R. (1997), Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students, Macmillan Press, London. Research, http://www.allbusiness.com/articles/content/19671.asp Rooney, J. A. (1995), Branding: a trend for today and tomorrow, Journal of Product and Brand Management, Vol. 4, No. 4, p.p.48 55. Schutz (1972). The Phenomenology of the Social World (London: Heinemann). Sharp, J.A. and Howard, K. (1996) The Management of a Student Research Project. Aldershot, Gower. 1 [1] http://bwnt.businessweek.com/brand/2002/index.asp [2] The tasks will be further divided into sub tasks to give a detailed insight of the plan as it develops.

Nature: A Tool of Society Essay examples -- Natural Advertising Essays

Nature: A Tool of Society William Cronon says in the Epilogue of Natureà ­s Metropolis, à ¬Much as I say I love à ¬natureà ® that word usually remains an abstraction in my daily lifeà ³a non-urban quality of aesthetic or sacred beauty to be looked at and à ¬appreciated,à ® not the gritty web of material connections that feed, clothe, shelter, and cleanse me and my community.à ® (Cronon 384). This can be said for most of the population of urban areas. It is this ambiguous view of nature that makes us susceptible to otherà ­s interpretations of nature. This susceptibility makes nature a powerful force in society. This is especially evident in advertisements, which mold nature into the image that is favorable to portray the product being advertised. The Sony advertisement from Esquire magazine is for the Wega flat screen television, and is a good example of how advertisements use nature to sell a product. This ad shows two very contrasting images, one of the black and white desert, and the other of the television set showing pictures of children playing in the water of a fire hydrant. The use of the television to frame the picture of the children shows very distinctly that these are two very separate and different images, because as Leonardo da Vinci said à ¬There are no lines in natureà ®. In this ad through the use of colors, or the lack there of, this cultural icon is shown to be more favorable than the image of nature. The ad offers the viewer a sense of escape from the dull, monotone world outside by offering a more vibrant, playful world experienced through television. While the link between the images shown in the ad and the offer made by the advertisement seems very surreal, it is a natural link. The reasoning behind this link as being ... ...rural hinterland. We fool ourselves if we think we can choose between them, for the green lake and the orange cloud are creatures of the same landscape. We can only take tehm together and in making the journey between them, find a way that does justice to them bothà ® (Cronon 385). According to Cronon the nature-culture dichotomy that we believe in is incorrect, because nature is just as much a part of culture as culture is a part of nature. Works Cited Cronon, William - short selection from Epilogue, Nature's Metropolis Norton 1991 pp. 384-5. Marlboro Lights. à ¬Esquireà ® January 2001. back cover. Nash, Roderick - 'Old World Roots of Opinion,' Ch 1 from Wilderness and the American Mind 1982 Yale Univ Press pp. 8-22. Sony Wega. à ¬Esquireà ® December 2000. pgs. 17-18. Timberland. à ¬Maximà ® December 2000. pg. Yahoo! Email. à ¬Esquireà ® January 2001.

Marketing Strategy for Samsung Essay

A marketing strategy is a company’s hope to achieve strong and profitable customer relationships by targeting certain customers, using a marketing mix, and implementation. In an ideal world, strategies at all levels of the organization should be well spoken and understood. Interpretations of the strategies then result in realistic, well-defined marketing plans and programs which can be created and acted upon. Organizations can have a greater chance of being successful if they develop deep understanding of markets and the customers within those markets. The marketing strategy is a dynamic document which focuses on bringing plans to life. It is a road map for carrying out marketing activities and implementing marketing plans. Every marketing strategy should be measured by its ability to directly impact and improve upon each factor that the strategy contains. With â€Å"selling† as the vital goal, marketing strategies are influenced by two core factors: first, getting hold of of customers; second, maintenance of the obtained customers. So every other strategy that is laid out will focus on the above two. A Company has to work closely towards achieving these two to attain the desired cutting edge over its competitors. There are also a few other objectives like creating awareness (informational and educational) about the product, brand-building and accelerating sales. Traditional Marketing: With the world changing at every second, marketing is also taking a rapid change. New methods of marketing like e-marketing and online marketing have been growing. Yet traditional marketing still holds influence with many corporate companies. One of the main implications of traditional marketing is the infamous model of the four P’s, formulated by Jerome McCarthy. The ‘Four Ps’ or the ‘marketing mix’ is an essential with every marketer. The ‘Four Ps’ refers to the four factors that a marketer has to think about before introducing a product or offering a service. The marketing mix comprises of Product, Price, Promotion and Placement. In McCarthy’s opinion, the first and foremost comes the Product-its production and management; second, the process of determining and affordable price; third, the promotion of the product which involves advertising, branding etc and  finally fourth, the placement or distribution of the product, its retailing and the process by which it reaches the consumer. All these four essentials have to be decided, determined and well planned before pursuing any product launch. The company that will be looked at is Samsung Electronics. The debate whether the traditional method of developing marketing strategies are still used and maintained will be looked at. Firstly an overview on the Samsung mobile phone market and how it relates to marketing strategies will be looked at. Ansoff Growth Matrix which suggests that there are four main ways in which growth can be achieved through a product strategy:(1) Market penetration – Increase sales of an existing product in an existing market(2) Product development – Improve present products and/or develop new products for the current market(3) Market development – Sell existing products into new markets (e.g. developing export sales)(4) Diversification – Develop new products for new marketsOne thing should be pointed out is how a product appears in relation to other products in the market, or how importance the brand of a product is. Brand is a mixture of tangible and intangible attributes symbolized in a trademark, which, if properly managed, permits a business to differentiate its products and services from those of its competitors, add extra value for consumers who value the brand and improve profitability. As previously mentioned, the global handset market has experienced rapid growth over the past few years. Undeniably this is a tremendous growth, and this growth has created a fierce competition among handset manufacturers. The next parts of this analysis describe how Samsung’s marketing strategy drive the company’s actions in response to such competition to be recognized as one of the leading global player in the handset industry. Samsung began sponsoring the Olympics with the 1998 winter games in Nagano. It has signed a contract with the International Olympic Committee to continue through the Beijing games in 2008, and will likely continue afterwards. The marketing strategy using this Olympic sponsorship plays a  very vital role in raising our brand awareness throughout the world. Samsung over the years had vastly increased the sales of their mobile phone handsets online. The World Wide Web is a rapidly growing industry and is an alternative way to traditional marketing strategy according to various people. Internet marketing has not completely taken over the concept of Marketing, but has incorporated it and expanded the opportunities available to marketers. Internet Marketing still uses the traditional concepts of the marketing mix (4 P’s), but the logic of them has changed. Consider ‘Promotion’, with traditional marketing businesses used a one too many process, by using mass media to transmit their advertisement to their customers. This involved no interaction with the customer. Internet Marketing changes this by using a many to many communication process, enabling customers to interact with the medium, with each other and also provide content to the medium. Thus, marketers must reconstruct advertising models for the interactive, many to many medium underlying the web. This is perhaps one of the major changes from the traditional methods of marketing. One of the most obvious advantages that Internet marketing provides is the removal of barriers in regards to location. Samsung can now reach a much wider audience; customers that were considered unreachable can now be targeted with new products (Diversification). Also Samsung do not need operate from a physical location (shop front) any more, they are able to provide all the information that a customer needs on their web site e.g. using catalogues, pictures, video clips etc. This has an effect on the ‘Price’ of their products and services as overheads may be reduced (such as rent). A disadvantage of this is that Samsung must be aware of what customers want, as the marketplace is now much wider. This is where effective marketing strategies have to be developed. In the twentieth century we have gone from a situation of scarcity of product to today having an abundance of choice. With many choices available to buyers, having a competitive advantage is vital to the company that wants to thrive. Knowing the competition is one part of understanding competitive advantage and this relies on information. Consider the corner grocery store; they need only to approximate what their customers really want because the convenience factor brings in their business. But when Samsung eliminate this advantage, as customers can use the WWW to go anywhere to get what they want, Samsung need to know exactly what they are looking for. Samsung also need to ensure that your website has good design and is able to firstly attract customers to your site and also to encourage them to revisit. Samsung have many versions of their website in dozens of languages dedicated to customers from countries all over the world. The websites gives us product and service information on all their products and on some versions of the websites gives people the option to buy online directly through them. Samsung says the lower fourth-quarter sales were part of a strategy to grab share in the first quarter, a ploy that’s worked the last two years. A spokesman for the company told The Wall Street Journal that Samsung believes holiday shoppers are extremely price-sensitive, and won’t be attracted to its pricey models. So it clears out existing inventory in the fourth quarter, and then boosts shipments in the first so as to maintain a high average selling price. Samsung says it can avoid having to slash first-quarter prices on unsold inventory this way — even though its margins were squeezed in the fourth quarter by price cuts to follow those enacted by Nokia. However, there are still criticisms of the traditional tools and approaches used in marketing strategy by. A main criticism argued by Fodness â€Å"†¦marketing strategy is all-to-frequently stereotyped as the outcome of mechanical application of traditional analytic frameworks and techniques (SWOT, Ansoff Diagram, portfolio models, etc.). problems arise when data so easily generated by these formulaic efforts are misinterpreted as simple answers to complex questions.† Comment Fodness also suggests that â€Å"†¦the exploration of strategy from new directions is now coming together in the concept of what is being called strategic thinking. (Fodness 2005) Strategic thinking is the way in which people in an organization think about, assess, view, and create the future for themselves and their associates. It is more  than responding to day-to-day as well as long-term problems, opportunities, and new realities; it is creating tomorrow. It is not reactive, but proactive. Strategic thinking focuses on how to create a better future by being proactive and adding value to society. This is more than just looking at traditional techniques such as Swot and Ansoff etc in the sense that businesses need to be more proactive (they should start changes if necessary rather than react to events). Strategic thinking focuses on finding and developing unique opportunities to create value by enabling a provocative and creative dialogue among people who can affect a company’s direction. It is the input to strategic planning-good strategic thinking uncovers potential opportunities for creating value and challenges assumptions about a company’s value proposition, so that when the plan is created, it targets these opportunities. Strategic thinking is a way of understanding the basic drivers of a business and thoroughly (and playfully) challenging predictable thinking about them, in conversation with others. Strategic thinking must take into account:Competencies and Skills: Samsung’s main strength is innovation. This can create a competitive advantage as they can offer next generation product. Samsung have a lesser reputation than Sony for reliability and quality, this can alter customer perception, however this perception can be change over time. As important as the content of strategic thinking is the process by which it takesplace. Processes are needed to ensure that strategies are: †¢Aligned: Samsungs strategies must fit with its mission, vision, competitive situation and operating strengths. †¢Goal-oriented: Strategies are the means by which a company sets out to achieve its goals. Effective strategies, then, set clear expected outcomes and make explicit links between these outcomes and the company’s goals. †¢Fact-based: The best strategies are based on and supported by real data. While strategic thinking by its very nature requires assumptions about the future, these assumptions must be educated guesses, based on facts-for example, actual performance data or results of some kind of pilot test or experiment. †¢The logic behind the strategy must be clear. Effective strategies tell believable stories. †¢Based on Broad Thinking: Companies that are strategically nimble are able to consider multiple alternatives at once and to consider a range of scenarios in making strategic choices. †¢Focused: No company can do everything or be all things to all people. Strategy setting involves making choices about what a company will do and-as important-what it will not do. Strategies provide clear guidance about how a company’s activities will be prioritized, and how its limited resources will be deployed. †¢Agreed upon: Especially in large, complex organizations, successful strategies must gain the support of multiple stakeholders. This often requires a process of developing strategies that is interactive in gathering multiple points of view and in sharing the thinking behind the strategy as it evolves. †¢Engaging: Strategies that will need to mobilize broad resources must be easily articulated so that they can capture the attention of the people who will be asked to carry them out. †¢Adaptable: Strategies need to be able to be adjusted to build on learning from experimentation, errors and new information. At the same time, there needs to be some thoughtfulness in these adjustments so that they are responsive without being overly reactive. †¢Implementable: Because effective strategies draw on the particular strengths  and skills of an organization, they include explicit considerations of how they will be implemented. Implementable strategies provide clear guidance for decision making in order to shape behaviour throughout the company. Today’s electronics marketplace is changing at a rapid pace with new technologies, economy change, and increased competition. To face these challenges, companies rely on top management to plan and formulate methods to overcome these obstacles. The primary task of top management is implementing a strategic plan. Strategic planning is the process of identifying the business of the firm today and the business it wants for the future, and the course of action or strategy it will pursue. To be effective and successful, managers must possess skills in strategic thinking. Strategic thinking is a process in which a manager can make the business vision a reality. This is accomplished by developing abilities in teamwork, problem solving, and critical thinking. Strategic thinking should also be a tool to help confront change, plan for and make transitions, and envision new possibilities and opportunities. Strategic thinking should be implemented in marketing strategies adopted by corporate firms. This is because organisations in the 21st century are more like â€Å"organisms† than â€Å"machines†. Strategic thinking is not a straight forward technique like a SWOT analysis but a more in depth approach and more interactive with the workforce. It may positively affect the marketing plan they may adopt for future products. Before drawing up any marketing plan, certain things have to be clear:McDonald (1989) stated that there are ten barriers to Marketing planning these barriers were identified by McDonald, M. they are as follows:1.Confusion between marketing strategy and tactics. 2.Isolation of marketing function from business operations. 3.Confusion between marketing function and marketing concept. 4.Prevailing organisational structures along functional lines. 5.Lack of skills in in-depth analysis. 6.Confusion between process and output. 7.Lack of core marketing management knowledge and skills. 8.Lack of a disciplined, systematic approach to marketing planning. 9.Need to prioritise objectives. 10.Need for a more appropriate marketing culture.’With the right marketing team that involves key marketing analysts, Samsung should be able to overcome these barriers. However, it is easy to have some kind of conflict in their marketing plan e.g. parts in the plan which are deemed to be part of the strategy may not be a strategy but a tactic. These little hiccups can affect the marketing performance of Samsung. As the Samsung top management develops a strategic plan for their organization, there are five different factors that must be focused on. These five factors will help define the ideal outcome. In addition, it will help set up and develop the steps necessary to make the business vision a reality. The first factor that top management must consider is Samsung Electronics itself. The organization of the business involves the delegates, the organizational structure of the business, and the resources necessary to make it all work. For Samsung to have top management they will have to establish what the organization will look like and decide what type of structure will support the business vision. Any top management must also combine people, resources, and structure together to achieve an ideal outcome. Observation is the second factor. When looking down at the world from an airplane, a person can see much more than when on the ground. By increasing observation skills, top management will become more aware of what motivates people, solve problems more effectively, and be able to distinguish between alternatives. The third factor is views. Views are simply different ways of thinking about  something. Views can be used as tools to help think about outcomes, identify important elements, and amend actions to achieve the best position. The fourth factor is driving forces. What are the driving forces for Samsung that will make the wanted outcome a reality? Driving forces usually place the foundation for what top management wants people to focus on in business. Examples of driving forces might include commitment, action, effectiveness, productivity, and value. Other driving forces might include: individual and organizational motivation, empowerment and promotion Factors such as a clear vision, values, and goals, productive factors like a mission or function, and quantitative factors such as results or experience may also be driving forces. After working through the first four phases of the strategic thinking process, top management should be able to define their ideal position. The ideal position outline should include:The conditions that have been found to be necessary if Samsung is to be productiveThe niche in the marketplace that Samsung will fillAny opportunities that may exist either currently or in the future for SamsungThe core competencies or skills required in SamsungThe strategies and tactics that will be used to pull it all together. By working through these five areas, the Samsung management team will get a clearer picture of exactly how the company vision can be accomplished. As the vision becomes more focused, ideas will appear stronger and more convincing. Not only will it be easier for management to convince others that the idea is a good one, but it will also be easier to maintain their certainty and motivation when reaching upon any drawbacks or obstacles in their path. Overall, anybody can apply strategic thinking skills to any area of his/her life. But by making a concentrated effort to apply them specifically to the business project, Samsung Electronics will have a much better chance of facing challenges in the marketplace if they adopted strategic thinking. Michael Porter who came up with the Five Forces has proposed three common strategies that provide a good starting point for strategic thinking for  Samsung and any other firm: overall cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. Overall cost leadership – Samsung works hard to achieve the lowest production, administration and distribution costs so that it can price lower than its competitors and win a large market share. Differentiation – Samsung may concentrate on achieving superior performance in an important customer benefit area valued by a large part of the market. The firm cultivates those strengths that will contribute to the intended differentiation. Therefore, the firm seeking quality leadership. Focus – Samsung focuses on one or more market segments. The firm gets to know these segments intimately and pursues either cost leadership or differentiation within the target segment. According to Porter (1986), â€Å"Competitive advantage is a function of either providing comparable buyer value more efficiently than competitors (low cost), or performing activities at comparable cost but in unique ways that create more buyer value than competitors and, hence, command a premium price.† These factors can be adopted by companies such as Samsung Electronics. They can use tactics and marketing measures to gain a competitive advantage and added-value over Sony and other major rivals. It is a reality in business today that strategic thinking is one of the most difficult tasks for business leaders. Although it is easier to be tactical or task oriented, the business leader must be strategic or risk becoming very short-sighted. Therefore a clear understanding of the value and the benefits of strategic thinking are very important. Here is a list of thoughts on the value of strategic thinking for Samsung:1. staying at the front or leading edge of change and innovation2. Optimizing the ability to shape and leverage change to the company’s advantage, electronics are changing everyday3. eliminating anxiety4. Creating a sense of cohesion and unity for the company staff5. Providing proactive  leadership7. Thinking systemically with a whole systems approach8. Becoming a life-long learning organization9. Providing an effective system to solve major problems and setbacks10. Improving and understanding of the business environmentAnd now a list of my thoughts on the benefits of strategic thinking. 1. improved guidance on actions to achieve the company vision and mission2. an early detection system to warn of changes3. creation of a proactive leadership culture4. identification of competitors and opponents5. identification of business allies6. long term survival of the business7. elimination of reactive decision-making8. a competitive advantage9. agility and capacity to respond positivelyFrom looking at traditional marketing strategy techniques used by Samsung and other firms, we can see how certain tools can help the scope of a business strategy. We have also learnt that new marketing strategies are shaping up firms more over the past years, though traditional marketing (e.g., 4 P’s and SWOT) are still at the forefront of every marketing strategy. We have learnt that there is more to marketing strategy than simply systematic tools and techniques. Strategic thinking, which has been discussed by theorists and professionals such as Michael Porter, plays a new vital role in marketing and strategy development. We have learnt that Strategic thinking looks at different areas of in detail that helps us develop new ways of achieving a competitive advantage. A certain amount of the analysis involved in strategic thinking may be qualitative, which also may be time consuming and expensive. We can see that the point that Fodness made in 2005 about tools in marketing strategy being stereotyped as simple answers to complex questions as mechanical application. New directions of exploring strategy are coming together to form the concept of strategic thinking. We have learnt from Fodness and Porter that strategic thinking can boost and assist existing marketing strategy tools which can answer complex questions. We have learnt that not all methods and techniques in marketing strategy are straightforward and are simply mechanical applications. There are several ways for Samsung to adopt new and existing marketing  strategies and to implement them. The main point is that strategic thinking could benefit Samsung and help them improve their performance in mobile phone market. Strategic thinking could strip off the firm’s ideologies that falsely stereotypes marketing strategies. And seek new ways of gaining a competitive advantage, being innovative and always being in touch with consumer’s tastes, needs and changing trends. References: http://www.interbrand.com (accessed on 12/12/2008)http://www.businessweek.com (accessed on 12/12/2008)http://www.Mobile-review.com (accessed on 12/12/2008)http://www.samsunggroup.com (accessed on 12/12/2008)http://www.quickmba.com/MarketingStrat.shtml (accessed on 28/12/2008)http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/strategy_marketing.htm (accessed on 28/12/2008)http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/ourbusinesses/researchdevelopment.html (accessed on 28/12/2008)http://www.samsung.com/za/aboutsamsung/companyprofile/researchanddevelopment/CompanyProfile_Overview.html (accessed on 28/12/2008)http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-1648156/Michael-Porter-What-is-Strategy.html (accessed on 28/12/2008)Grant, R.M. (2005), â€Å"Contemporary Strategy Analysis†, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford (U.K.)Hunger, J. David & Wheelen, Thomas L. (2003) â€Å"Essentials of Strategic Management†. Pearson Education Inc, New Jersey:De Mooij, M. (1998), Global Marketing and Advertising: Underst anding Cultural Paradoxes, Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA. Ansoff (1995), Advertising Management (5th ed.), Prentice Hall, NJ: Upper Saddle River. Kotler, P. Adam, S. Brown, L. Armstrong, G. 2001, Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall, NSWMcCarthy, E.J., Perreault, W.D., Quester, P.G., Wilkinson, J.W., Lee, K.Y., 1994, Basic Marketing: A Managerial Approach, Irwin, AustraliaPorter, M. E. â€Å"The State of Strategic Thinking.† The Economist (May 23, 1987).

The Revolutionary Movement Of The Late 19th And Early 20th...

Dadaism, closely followed by the Surrealist Movement, in the late 19th and the early 20th century, signify pivotal periods of artwork. Dadaism arose after WWI as a result of the nationalism that many people believed led to the war. Influenced by Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism and Expressionism, it aesthetically it marked ‘a mockery of materialistic and nationalistic attitudes’. Challenging conventional art which was meticulously planned and completed, Dada pieces incorporated the idea of chance, ‘making works that often upended bourgeois sensibilities and that generated difficult questions about society.’ Dada artists were well-known for their use of readymade objects which could be bought and adapted into new pieces of artwork,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ[Surrealist] artists were not overly concerned with aesthetic issues involving line and colour, but instead felt compelled to create what Surrealists thought of as the â€Å"real†.à ¢â‚¬â„¢ The movements themselves aimed to shock the public as they did not adhere to traditional artistic conventions. Not only was the abstract nature of the artwork shocking, but the meanings behind it. My chosen pieces are featured below. They are three very different examples of work, but I will analyse each and explain how they, as parts of these Movements, aimed to shock the public in its own way. Francis Picabia was a principle figure of the Dada movement in Paris and New York. He easily shifted between abstraction and figuration at a time when artists rigidly followed conventions, and this disregard for artistic expectations encouraged some outstanding innovations. He enjoyed producing work with hidden messages, double meanings, puzzles and in-jokes which perplexed and shocked viewers. Tristan Tzara’s radical ideas thrilled Picabia. He continued his involvement in the Dada movement throughout 1919 in Zà ¼rich and Paris, before breaking away from it after developing an interest in Surrealist art. He denounced Dada in 1921 and claimed it had in fact lost its capacity to shock. Despite this, the Surrealist Movement continued to shock its audience in new ways. Some of the most notable aspects of Picabia’s work are his links to religious imagery, eroticShow MoreRelatedCompare the 1911 Revolution and the May Fourth Movement in Terms of Their Nature and Impact.1040 Words   |  5 Pagesuprising initiated by the revolutionaries to overthrow the Qing Court, while the May Fourth Movement was anti-Japanese movement. In terms of their nature, they are quite similar; both of them are nationalistic, democratic, anti-government and anti-traditional. And in terms of their nature, both of them had made changes. They can be categorized into different aspects like politically, economically and intellectually. Firstly, the 1911 Revolution and the May Fourth Movement are nationalistic in natureRead MoreThe impact of industrial revolution on modern art Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Impact of Industrial Revolution on Modern Art at the turn of the 20th Century. To understand most period and movements in modern art, one must first understand the context in which they occurred. When one looks at the various artistic styles, one will realize how artists react to historical and cultural changes and how artists perceive their relation to society. The transition between the 19th and 20th century has brought further development of modernistic ideas, concepts and techniquesRead MoreThe French Revolution First Popularized The Words Terrorist And Terrorism 1506 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary understanding differs from its revolutionary meaning in 1794. The serious economic difficulties, the threat of foreign invasions and the social structure of the French government are some of the causes that led to the fall of the monarchy in August 1792. Left without a constitution for almost three years and at the hands of a revolutionary government, the reign of terror suggests an example to future states in oppressing their populations. The revolutionary government asserted its sovereigntyRead MoreThe Link Between Homelessness And Mental Health983 Words   |  4 Pagessuicide, early sexual exploration, experimentation with drugs, and dropping out of school. Mental Health Background Mental health policy has evolved over time. Goldman Morrissey (1985) explains how the history of public mental health policy â€Å"is characterized by a cyclical pattern of institutional reforms (p. 727).† Each cycle of improvement was the result of public outcry for amended environmental methods to mental health care. The research suggests that the first cycle of reform, in the early 19thRead More romanticism Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pagesmid-18th century and reached its height in the 19th century. The Romantic literature of the nineteenth century holds in its topics the ideals of the time period, concentrating on emotion, nature, and the expression of quot;nothing.quot; The Romantic era was one that focused on the commonality of humankind and, while using emotion and nature; the poets and their works shed light on peoples universal natures. Romanticism as a movement declined in the late 19th century and early 20th century with theRead MoreThe Bankruptcy Of Marxist Ideolo gy : The Dilution And Variability Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesThis economic study will define the dilution and variability of Marxist and Neo-Marxist Theory in the post-WWII era. The slow dissolution of Marxist theory as as a 19th century economic concept defines the rise of capitalism and the neoliberal ideology that has permeated the latter half of the 20th century. The fall of communism in the late 1980s reveals the bankruptcy of communism as a state ideology in the U.S.S.R., since the Unite States and other first world nations triumphed as a global capitalistRead MoreThe Art Nouveau And The Art Movement1154 Words   |  5 PagesAn art movement inspired by nature, it’s vital force and never changing life cycle of birth, life, decay and death. The Art Nouveau became fashionable from about 1890 to the first world war. This aesthetic new art movement was concerned as new, hence it was named as â€Å"new art† – the Art Nouveau. It was also highly influenced by the Japonism, given a major boost in France, Paris and eventually spread across world. [1] In the late 19th century every artist had a desire to be considered as a seriousRead MoreThe Emergence And Development Of Russia s Radical During The Post Reform Era2688 Words   |  11 PagesAftermath of the Crimean War†: Thus under Alexander II opposition to autocracy, far from abating, took more radical forms: in the late 1850’s, as factions began to crystalize in the intelligentsia, a younger generation of thinkers undertook a comprehensive reappraisal of traditional values and from the early 1860’s a revolutionary tide, fed by the Western socialist movement but taking a course of its own, began to swell. (45). Mainly thanks to the Great Reforms of Alexander II (most notably the abolishmentRead MorePhotography : Art Medium For The Imagination887 Words   |  4 Pagesas the revolutionary way to document reality; events, places, and people. Soon, though, artists got their hands on cameras and shifted the way in which photographs were interpreted. No longer was photography only a tool to create images of the embodied world, but it became an art medium for the imagination, just the same as paint and pastels. The once honest and trustworthy photograph became a piece of artwork that could capture more than what the human eye deemed authentic. In the late 19th and earlyRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Womens Rights1517 Words   |  7 PagesAnnotated Bibliography: Womens Rights Loveday, Veronica. Feminism the Womens Rights Movement. Feminism the Womens Rights Movement, 8/1/2017, p. 1. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=prhAN=17989370site=ehost-live. In her report, Veronica Loveday writes about Women’s Rights Movement, during World War two, and many restrictions women faced. Women’s rights movement in the U.S. begun in the 1960s as a reaction to the decades of unfair social and civil inequities

Evaluation Of An E File System - 836 Words

Painters Case Study This is a thought-provoking case study which, like most of the effort in Sociotechnical Theory, is concentrated on a certain type of ‘production system’, in this case an E-File system. Socio Technical Theory is an intellectual model that helps us recognize patterns in the way technology is used. How well businesses can utilize this model can make or break the success or failure of an organization as they change the way they do business or introduce new technology to their workforce. In looking at the case study by Painter B he mentions the renovation of a paper method to an electronic E-file system. Reasons standing behind these changes were noted; †¢ Claims from injured †¢ Delayed payment on claims †¢ Rising costs† of disability benefits. According to Painter (NA), The Electronic Claim File system was customized for the assertion of reimbursement and compensation division of an insurance conglomerate, Workers’ Compensation Board (p.2). The firm had huge client database and hence the main task was to collect data, weigh evidence, and relate specified information in making difficult decisions about workers’ injury compensation entitlements in an assortment of businesses. Painter, the author of this study executed a sequence of before-and-after evaluations and comprehensive consultations, approved and developed by labor and executives, to aid them closely with the effects of E-File transition on the employees, during the periods of pilot testingShow MoreRelatedSdlc And Change Management Policy. The Following Outlines1446 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity’s IT systems and applications. The Change Management Procedures are designed to provide an orderly process in which changes to Felician University’s IT infrastructure are requested and approved prior to the installation or implementation of the change. This policy should be periodically reviewed and updated, where necessary, to reflect changes in the technology environment. SCOPE: The policies and procedures within this document apply to Felician University’s IT Systems and applicationsRead MorePositive and Negative Effects of e-learning for Students1343 Words   |  6 PagesPOSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS E-LEARNING FOR STUDENTS Nowadays, E-learning has become an increasingly popular approach to learning in higher education institutions due to the rapid growth of Internet technology. As we can see, most higher education institutions using e-learning to improve the education of students and enhance their technology skills. E-learning can give us a lot of positive effects, especially students; however, the technological content was twice the decline and needs. ComputerRead MoreDesigning An E Commerce Solution Evaluation Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Types of E-commerce†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. E-commerce in use by organisations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Financial implications†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Designing an e-commerce solution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Evaluation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Introduction. Many businesses have shown that after implementing an e-commerce system into their companies, sales have increasedRead MoreAnalysis Of Drive By Download Attack Vector944 Words   |  4 PagesDrive-by Download Attack Vector For the drive-by download attack vector, we create a system called the security Posture, Integration, and Correlation Engine (SPICE). SPICE takes a feed of real time junk mail, sends a vulnerable virtual machine to each link within the e-mail, sends a vulnerable virtual machine to every link within the e mail, detects an infection on the virtual system, and logs all the information involved across layers into a database associated with that attack. inside mins of beingRead MoreThesis Abstract Title: a Feasibility Study of a Computerized Management, Academic and Research Information System for the Mountain State Agricultural College1416 Words   |  6 PagesMANAGEMENT, ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE MOUNTAIN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE AUTHOR: INTRODUCTION The increasing complexity of administrative operations in today’s colleges and universities are the effects of the growing students, faculty and administrative populations and the physical expansion of the institutions. The increase in complexity means additional administrative manpower, workloads, and management information and data processing system. To meet the growing needs of educationRead MoreComputer Forensics Tools And Resources For Hjc Corporation1515 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestigations to discover who committed the crime and provide investigators, police and prosecutors with evidence that will be admissible in a court of law. Recovering Deleted File Programs - Utilities The first program for evaluation is EnCase. EnCase s advanced analysis functionality enables it to recover deleted files and disk partitions by utilizing its log parser functionality on event logs and on unallocated hard drive disk space. EnCase Forensic (July 21, 2005) SC Magazine Reviews EnCaseRead MoreEssay about Computer Virus and World Wide Web745 Words   |  3 Pagesenvironment. 2. Your employees e-mail file attachments to each other and externally through the organization’s firewall and Internet connection. What security countermeasures can you implement to help mitigate the risk of rouge e-mail attachments and URL Web links? The basic step would be to not allow hyperlinks to automatically work when in an e-mail. Some times when a link is in a user can click and it will automatically launch it. Another step would be for the e-mail to have the user’s signatureRead MoreCodeing Scenarios Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesanatomic site, condition of disease, abbreviations 6. An initial inpatient consultation with a detailed history, detailed exam, and MDM of low complexity would be coded to what E/M code? 99253 7. What are the four elements of history? Chief complaint (CC), history or present illness (HPI), review of systems (ROS), past present family and/or social history (PFSH) 8. The complexity of medical decision making is based on what three elements? a) Number of diagnoses or managementsRead MoreItec 630 Final Examination Complete Solution Spring 2015 Final Exam805 Words   |  4 Pagesyour assignment folders on LEO. Question 1: (20 Points – 4 Points Each) Multiple Choice – Eliminate all but the correct answer. 1.Which is not a factor to consider in software evaluation? A. Performance effectiveness B. Performance efficiency C. Ease of use D. Quality of documentation E. Target Operating System 2.In a database, Keys are: A. Data items in a record used to identify the record B. Normalized C. The names of database tables D. Used to identify the mostRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr )1688 Words   |  7 PagesMoving from paper to electronic records was a monumental tasks not only in the implementation of the software but also in training all hospital providers to properly use the EMR. In 2010, the University of Maryland Medical System (UMMS) decided to switch its current system to Epic to consolidate its variety of applications and most important of all to streamline billing. With this new endeavor, the administration needed to build a new department to accommodate the training needs of all providers

Military - 1875 Words

The average civilian or recruit coming into the Army often misunderstands the meaning of the words military discipline. He thinks of them as being connected with punishments or reprimands which may result from the violation of some military law or regulation. Actually, discipline should not be something new to you for you have been disciplined all of your life. You were being disciplined at home and in school when you were taught obedience to your parents and teachers, and respect for the rights of others. On your baseball or other athletic team you were disciplining yourself when you turned down the chance to be a star performer in order that the team might win; you were acquiring discipline in the shop, or other business when your†¦show more content†¦These sergeants are the first-line supervisors for the majority of the work completed by Soldiers. These actions can be as simple as physical training or motor pool maintenance on vehicles or as complicated as leading a comba t patrol in war. Chances are high that every activity from processing pay documents to medical services at the hospital are being executed and supervised by sergeants. They touch every aspect of our Soldiers and our Families lives.Need an MP for an emergency? Here comes a sergeant. Who is teaching at the Warrior Leader Course? A sergeant is instructing right now. Our sergeants find us before we are in the Army: recruiters. NCOs -- drill sergeants -- mold us from civilians into Soldiers. Career counselor NCOs keep us in the Army. Sergeants teach us at advance individual training, airborne course, Ranger course and other specialty courses. It is sergeants who develop the future NCOs in the Noncommissioned Officer Educational System. From WLC to the Sergeant Major course, NCOs are developing the next generation. And guess who executes large portions of Officer Candidate School? NCOs do!Sergeants enforce the rules, regulations, and policies of the Army. NCOs dont make policy, they enfor ce them. Many have heard me say, I dont make the rules; I get paid handsomely to enforce them! The Army says what is proper and then empowers sergeants to enforce it. So the key aspect to this notion is not the rule, but rather the disciplineShow MoreRelatedMilitary Police : A Military Policeman1123 Words   |  5 Pagesavailable to a man or woman is a military policeman. As a military police, one is in charge of all the doings on the facility they are stationed at, as well as the little things that take place on base, such as traffic control, domestic issues, and other problems that occur. Before a civilian becomes a Military Police they must got through 3 stages of training, basic training, advanced individual training, and weapons training which takes place within . The life of a military police then forms into BasicRead MoreMilitary Vs. Military Robotics2291 Words   |  10 Pageshas come pretty far in the military industry from building prosthetic arms for the injured veteran s to unmanned aircraft that can do surveillance without getting caught under the radar of enemy territory. Military robotics have stretched beyond the previous potential of what it originally supposes to accomplish; the military even has robotics where little drones that are controlled by a remote can camouflage in any terrain. Even though critics and politicians claim military robotics cause more destructionRead MoreThe Military And Military Intelligence5950 Words   |  24 PagesTo understand the shift in military knowledge requirements, as an element of military intelligence, it is necessary to examine the evolution of employment of intelligence to support military operations. The shift in the use and value of knowledge in the military domain parallels the evolution of knowledge as a commodity within Western society. This issue is quantified in valuation, where in the private sector knowledge has become a key asset for the world’s major corporations. The value of knowl edgeRead MoreMilitary Culture And The Military1386 Words   |  6 Pagestransformed the military from the old force which was seen to focus only on winning battles without caring much about their forces to the highly skilled force it is today that is all rounded. In order to comprehend the changes in the military there is need for understanding the military culture. Like any other culture, military culture has evolved from unorganized forms of administration and organization to the current modern force it is today. There are different viewpoints on military culture andRead MoreMilitary Leadership1194 Words   |  5 PagesWithin the U.S. military, leadership is generally considered something of a given. It is a fundamental ingredient of warfare, without which the outcome of a combat operation cannot be assured. The leader is the brain, the motive power of command, upon whom subordinates rely for guidance and wisdom, and depend upon for good judgment. The leader must be determined, unflappable and charismatic; confident in delegation of authority; able to combine the various strands of command into a common thread;Read MoreThe Military Revolution1574 Words   |  7 PagesHolub, Martin HIST; midterm #2 The military revolution was a direct outcome of changes in the virtuosity of war between 1560 and 1660. The changes crucially influenced campaigning and combat in Europe during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The most influential alterations included transformation in weapons, growth in the army size, change in tactics and organization, and centralization of the states’ bureaucracies. There were many battles in the late 17th and early 18th centuries thatRead MoreMilitary Bearing1023 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Military Bearing† and how it affects the Army as a whole Bearing, put simply, is the appearance and demeanor of a person throughout the activities and circumstances that an individual is seen or observed. An individual is largely judged by others through the bearing that the individual exudes as he goes about his daily affairs, and thus it is very important that the person shows a bearing of competence and professionalism at all times. Militaries since the beginning of recorded history have setRead MoreMilitary Suicides1010 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 2015 Informative Speech Outline Title: Informative Speech Main Idea: Suicides and the Military Thesis Statement: At the end of my informative speech, my audience will know more about the Military Suicide Issue and how the number of military or veterans deaths by suicide has been increasing at an alarming rate, the common misconceptions about the possible reasons why current and former military members are taking their own lives and finally what is being done to try and resolve this issueRead MoreWomen in the Military1453 Words   |  6 Pagescaptured. The Israelis always feared for the women who were taken prisoners of war and the psychological effects that followed. (Lief, â€Å"Second Class in the Israeli Military†, U.S. News World Report) Sexual harassments happen in the United States armed forces too and according to an article in the New Scientist more women in the military report sexual assault by colleagues on deployment than men. Of the nearly 4,000 members of the U.S. armed forces to report sexual assault or harassment, 88% of themRead MoreWomen in Military12 48 Words   |  5 Pagesintriguing questions of integration has yet to be fully answered. Apart from all others is the battle to allow women the right, the honor, and the privilege of serving and defending their country as part of the United States Armed Forces. Being in the military means prestige, honor, pride, and the satisfaction that comes along with engaging what is considered one of the most valiant and traditionally revered professions in our country. However, there has always been and continues to be considerable debate

Digital Forensic Tools of Investigation Samples for Students †MyAssig

Question: Discuss about the Digital Forensic Tools of Investigation. Answer: Computer crimes By definition, crime is an act that has been done that violates the law(Daniel, 2012). This definition brings about difficulty when dealing with computer related crimes. The enforcement of the law in this area is cumbersome because many crimes done by computers tend not to violate the formal laws put down in judicial proceedings. Therefore, modern laws tend to apply the traditional ways of analyzing computer crimes relating them to criminal offenses such as burglary, fraud and even larceny. However, the advancement in computer technology is also leading to difficulty in applications f such traditional laws(Sammons, 2012). Criminal law This law defines crime as a wrong that has been done which affects the society. Conviction lying within this act usually leads to a jail term. The same law convicts an individual to probation. The punishment incurred in the criminal law is aimed at disciplining the offender and at the same time prevents future occurrence of the crime(Garrison, 2010). For one to be found guilty, the jury needs to believe the conviction beyond reasonable doubt. The easy way of undertaking this is by use of testification that links the offender to the computer crime. However, loopholes still exist the testification as the offender can still be found innocent. The criminal behavior is categorized into two. A felony results into jail term since it is more severe. Another category is the misdemeanors that are punishable by incurring a fine or a prison sentence of a duration less than one year. Civil law In civil law, crime is wrong that is done to an individual or business. Ten offense usually lead to loss or damage. In civil law, there's no jail term as in criminal law, and mainly the purpose of this bill is to provide financial security for the offended and can be given as follows; compensating damages, punitive damages, and costs in statutory. These cases are easier to convict due to the reduced burden incurred during conviction. The jury only needs to believe about the evidence presented against the offender and items can be seized after issuing a search warrant(Andrew Jones, 2011). Insurance. An insurance policy transfers the risk of loss to a party to a desirable level os loss. Any loss in computer information demands the insurance company to pay out about the agreed policy. There is the situation of negligence that requires the insurance company only to pay a portion of the loss incurred. Rule of evidence Investigations done need to be thorough and be adhered to the Rule of Evidence. There is a difficulty in legal proceedings whenever computer crimes are involved. Skills are required to identify and extract information that can convict offenders. More to that, traditionally, evidence necessary to be concrete as opposed to the intangible evidence posed by computers(Gogolin, 2012). Best evidence rule This rule specifically requires original proof of evidence presentation in the court rather than a copy of the evidence. However, a copy can be accepted under these conditions(Casey, 2009); Loss of first evidence due to acts of God such as fire or flood. Destruction of evidence due to ordinary business course, The existence of proof by a third party who cannot be commanded by the court. Exclusionary rule This rule states that any evidence needs to be obtained via law enforcement in adherence to legal guidelines that govern the search and a violation to this leads to evidence obtained as the fruit of a poisonous tree. Hearsay rule. This rule allows a second-hand issuing of evidence not obtained from individual knowledge, but another source and the weight of it depends on the competence of the source in scrutiny. Chain of evidence The evidence obtained during search needs to be put under protection and accountability. This can be done by stating who confiscated the evidence, secured it and had control over it. Admissibility of evidence Admissibility of the computer crime evidence is high since the information in this evidence can easily be interfered with. The court, therefore, generated ways to deal with this scenario by issuing the relevancy of evidence and its reliability laws(Wiles, 2011). The process of investigation Pre-investigation process(Garrison, 2010) Identifying the type of seized system The computer system that has been targeted needs to be evaluated to obtain as much information on it as possible. This includes its hardware and software specifications. Choosing the search and team members to undertake the seizure. Before the seizure, the law enforcement needs to obtain warranty and its members should consist of the lead investigator, an information security department, a legal department and a technical assistant(Gilbert Peterson, 2009). Obtaining and issuing search warrant In case a suspect is believed to be in custody of evidence a warrant is issued. For the permit, the investigator needs to prove the reason for it. Once the warrant is issued, items can be confiscated for investigation(Jahankhani, 2010 ). Execution of investigation Securing of the site Sketching and photographing the site Identification, marking and packing of the evidence according to the collection process adhered to in the Rule of Evidence. During this step, when the computer is on a video tape is recorded by the use of scrolling effect. Also, photographs need to be taken. After this, the computer is powered down bearing in consideration of logical mainframe shutdown. To escape all these steps, the investigation can alternatively be done on site. Obtaining surveillance of the proposed offender. Scrutinizing the evidence obtained. Forensic tools of investigation Various forensic tools are used in the study. These devices are deployed in the survey process. During a forensic investigation, the procedure can start to be an analysis of network traffic. The analysis can be done using a sniffer tool such as Wireshark that intercepts network traffic and logs them for more review. One more tool that can be deployed is the NetworkMiner. This tool is capable of extracting and recovering all files present in the computer under scrutiny. Whenever a real-time investigation needs to be done, the Snort tool can be deployed to track down a network of intruders(Casey, 2009). Reporting During reporting of digital crime, the law will not automatically end with the arrest or clearance of the offenders. The enforcing law needs to obtain and present evidence to the prosecutor who will submit it to the jury for scrutiny. During this process, challenges develop during the investigation and handing over of evidence. The research entails categorizing of evidence such as a hearsay that has been discussed above. The Frye test, therefore, is used to determine the admissibility of the evidence provided. From the results obtained, NIST tools are used to scientifically validate the crime done(Cory Altheide, 2011). Finally, the defense is handed a duplicate of the results achieved or is given access to view the information(Daniel, 2012). References Andrew Jones, C. V. (2011). Building a Digital Forensic Laboratory: Establishing and Managing a Successful Facility. Denver: Butterworth-Heinemann. Casey, E. (2009). Handbook of Digital Forensics and Investigation. Chicago: Academic Press. Cory Altheide, H. C. (2011). Digital Forensics with Open Source Tools. Philadelphia: Elsevier. Daniel, L. E. (2012). Digital Forensics for Legal Professionals: Understanding Digital Evidence from the Warrant to the Courtroom. Chicago: Elsevier. Garrison, C. P. (2010). Digital Forensics for Network, Internet, and Cloud Computing: A Forensic Evidence Guide for Moving Targets and Data. washington DC: Syngress. Gilbert Peterson, S. S. (2009). Advances in Digital Forensics V: Fifth IFIP WG 11.9 International Conference on Digital Forensics, Orlando, Florida, USA, January 26-28, 2009, Revised Selected Papers. Wiscosin: Springer. Gogolin, G. (2012). Digital Forensics Explained. New York: CRC Press. Jahankhani, H. (2010 ). Handbook of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics. Chicago: World Scientific. Sammons, J. (2012). The Basics of Digital Forensics: The Primer for Getting Started in Digital Forensics. Atlanta: Elsevier. Wiles, J. (2011). TechnoSecurity's Guide to E-Discovery and Digital Forensics: A Comprehensive Handbook. New York City: Elsevier.